

Is it ethical to disclose one’s HIV/AIDS status in a variety of social and professional settings that often cause debate?
This discussion becomes particularly relevant in environments like nail salons, where personal interactions are commonplace but involve physical contact and may present health and safety issues for both the customers and the technician.
In this feature, we examine the ethical considerations and practical implications of disclosing an HIV/AIDS status when getting your nails done.
What is HIV/AIDS?

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that attacks the immune system, specifically the CD4 cells (T cells). If untreated, it can lead to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), a condition in which the immune system is severely compromised. HIV is transmitted through specific bodily fluids, including blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk.
It is not spread through casual contact or by touching surfaces that may have been in contact with an infected person.
So, what are the risks in nail salons?
Nail salons primarily involve cosmetic treatments such as manicures and pedicures, which generally do not pose a risk of HIV transmission.
Coming into contact with blood at a salon is likely. From bleeding cuticles to waxing, filing or clipping, cuts can occur for both the nail tech and the customer.
It is important to note that according to research touching HIV-infected blood with intact skin poses a very low risk of HIV transmission. The virus needs a direct route into the bloodstream or mucous membranes to establish infection.
However, if tools are not properly sanitised, and care is not taken when handling customers, there is a risk of bloodborne pathogens being transmitted. This risk, while minimal, is relevant in the context of maintaining strict hygiene standards in salons.
Disclosure and privacy

From a privacy standpoint, individuals with HIV/AIDS have the right to keep their health status confidential. Disclosing one’s status is a personal choice and should be respected as such— this is by law.
There is no legal requirement for individuals to disclose their HIV status to others, including in public settings or workplaces. The decision to disclose is generally considered a personal choice. In certain situations, such as specific employment contexts where occupational health and safety might be at risk, there may be some requirements for disclosure. However, these are typically specific to high-risk occupations and are designed to ensure safety rather than to facilitate discrimination.
In a nail salon setting, where HIV transmission risk is minimal, there is no inherent requirement or ethical obligation to disclose one’s status.
Health and safety protocols
Salons are required to follow stringent health and safety regulations, including proper sterilization of tools to prevent the transmission of infections. A client’s HIV status does not typically affect these practices. However, if a client’s condition requires specific accommodations (e.g. a need for extra precautions), this could warrant a conversation, but it should be approached with sensitivity and respect for privacy.
Stigma and discrimination

HIV/AIDS remains a stigmatized condition, and disclosing one’s status can sometimes lead to discrimination, negative treatment and general discomfort. This stigma may affect social interactions and personal experiences. In a professional setting like a nail salon, such disclosure could potentially lead to uncomfortable situations or bias, though this is not a universal outcome it is still a valid concern.
Ethical salon
For salon professionals, there is an ethical duty to provide care without prejudice. This includes adhering to universal precautions and maintaining a non-discriminatory environment. Salon staff should treat all clients equally, regardless of their health status, ensuring a safe and respectful experience for everyone.
Explaining the legalities

Legally, there is no requirement for clients to disclose their HIV status in a nail salon, as the risk of transmission is negligible with proper hygiene practices. However, regulations and legal protections may vary by region, and both clients and salon staff need to be aware of local laws concerning privacy and discrimination.
Currently, the law in Jamaica advises those who are HIV/AIDS positive may disclose situationally, so no, an infected person does not have to.
Ethical considerations with respect for individual privacy and the maintenance of a non-discriminatory environment. For both clients and professionals, understanding these aspects ensures a supportive and respectful interaction within the salon setting.
Comments